DBS controller for treating Parkinson’s is about the size of a cell phone, and is used by both the patient and the doctor to program stimulator output. Photo courtesy of Medtronic, Inc.

Though the causes of Parkinson’s remain unknown, treatments are advancing greatly in three categories: delivery, electronic, and medicinal.  Advanced methods for delivering treatment are using specially designed catheters inserted into the brain, infusion pumps, and cananulas. Electronic therapies are employing rechargeable stimulators, eliminating the need for surgical replacement.  And advanced drugs are being used to both diagnose and slow the progress of Parkinson’s.  For more on the disease and what’s being done about it, see "Parkinson's research results in new treatment".